{"id":12980,"date":"2023-04-19T09:49:25","date_gmt":"2023-04-19T09:49:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/foodpunk.com\/blog\/what-happens-in-the-metabolism-without-carbohydrates\/"},"modified":"2023-04-19T09:49:27","modified_gmt":"2023-04-19T09:49:27","slug":"what-happens-in-the-metabolism-without-carbohydrates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/foodpunk.com\/en\/blog\/what-happens-in-the-metabolism-without-carbohydrates\/","title":{"rendered":"What happens in the metabolism without carbohydrates?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column]<div class=\"vmb-3 wpb_content_element\" ><div class=\"index-list\"><p class=\"h4 index-list__title\"> Table of contents<\/p><ul><\/ul><\/div><\/div>[vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p><i>Help! Without carbohydrates we will all die!!! The brain needs sugar, sugar, sugar. Otherwise it is called Alaaaarm in the gray cells!!! The metabolism goes kaput!<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Nene, give me a break. No panic on the Titanic. Our species would not have survived for hundreds of thousands of years if our bodies were so sensitive. In many areas of the world, there were little to no carbohydrates. In addition, there were always extended periods of time when our ancestors had to go without food altogether.<\/p>\n<p>What happens in the metabolism when it does not receive carbohydrates is similar to fasting. With &#8220;food abstinence&#8221; as the nutritionist says, here&#8217;s what happens:<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vmb-3 wpb_content_element\" ><div class=\"heading heading--h2 \"><h2 class=\"heading   \" >1. the metabolism changes in several phases<\/h2><\/div><\/div>[vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>After a mixed meal of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, the metabolism is in the so-called &#8220;absorptive phase&#8221;, the gastrointestinal tract digests and absorbs the nutrients of the meal. The ingested components of the food are either incorporated into the body, stored or burned for energy. This phase is &#8220;anabolic&#8221;, which means nothing more than &#8220;building up the body&#8217;s own structures&#8221;. Depending on how big the meal was and what its composition was, the absorptive phase lasts around 3 hours. Insulin was released by the meal, which is why the ratio of insulin to its counterpart glucagon is high. This is referred to as a high insulin\/glucagon ratio. This ratio promotes anabolic processes. This includes the incorporation of amino acids into the muscles, but also the synthesis of glycogen for the storage of glucose in the liver or the so-called lipogenesis, the storage of fat as an energy source &#8220;for a rainy day&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vmb-3 wpb_content_element\" ><div class=\"heading heading--h2 \"><h2 class=\"heading   \" >2. the ratio of insulin to glucagon is decisive<\/h2><\/div><\/div>[vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>When all nutrients have been fully absorbed, metabolism enters the so-called post-absorptive phase, the phase &#8220;after (post) absorption&#8221;. Then the blood glucose level and insulin level gradually decrease. The glucagon level, on the other hand, increases and thus the ratio of insulin to glucagon decreases. In the postabsorptive phase, the insulin\/glucagon ratio is lower than in the absorptive phase. The hormonal changes stimulate the cells of the liver, called hepatocytes, to break down glycogen. Glycogen, as mentioned earlier, is the storage form of glucose. When glycogen is broken down, known as glycogenolysis, glucose is released again.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vmb-3 wpb_content_element\" ><div class=\"heading heading--h2 \"><h2 class=\"heading   \" >3. during gluconeogenesis, the body produces glucose from amino acids<\/h2><\/div><\/div>[vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>As the glycogen store slowly empties, the lower ratio of insulin to glucagon also leads to gluconeogenesis, in which glucose is rebuilt from amino acids. In addition, fat storage cells called adipocytes are stimulated to break down and release fat, lipolysis. The falling blood glucose level leads to the release of adrenaline, which additionally promotes lipolysis in the adipocytes.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vmb-3 wpb_content_element\" ><div class=\"heading heading--h2 \"><h2 class=\"heading   \" >4. fatty acids supply the muscle tissue with energy<\/h2><\/div><\/div>[vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>When the glucose stores in the liver and muscles are emptied, fatty acids become the main energy supplier for the muscles. Only a few tissues still require glucose at this time, including the brain and red blood cells. The required amount of glucose is now covered by gluconeogenesis, i.e. the build-up of glucose from amino acids.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vmb-3 wpb_content_element\" ><div class=\"heading heading--h2 \"><h2 class=\"heading   \" >5. the body conserves its protein reserves<\/h2><\/div><\/div>[vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>Following the post-absorptive phase, the early hunger phase occurs approximately 24 hours after the meal. If no food continues to be consumed, the metabolism enters the adapted starvation phase about 5 days after the last food intake. In the early starvation phase, the breakdown of endogenous protein reserves for the purpose of gluconeogenesis is relatively high. The brain alone requires 110-130 g of glucose per day. Continued breakdown of body protein at this rate would quickly lead to the death of the fasting person. Therefore, protein-sparing mechanisms are mandatory for survival during the fasting period.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vmb-3 wpb_content_element\" ><div class=\"heading heading--h2 \"><h2 class=\"heading   \" >6. ketogenic metabolism was a survival advantage in evolution.<\/h2><\/div><\/div>[vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>To minimize the depletion of the body&#8217;s own protein reserves, all organs that do not necessarily require glucose obtain more and more of their energy from fatty acids. The brain requires glucose in a &#8220;non-ketogenic&#8221; metabolic state. However, in the case of prolonged carbohydrate deficiency due to fasting or deliberate abstinence, it can meet a large part of its energy needs through ketone bodies instead of glucose. Ketone bodies are synthesized in the liver from fatty acids. The brain gradually learns to utilize these ketone bodies in an adaptation phase. As a result, glucose demand decreases and less endogenous protein needs to be broken down for gluconeogenesis. Ketone bodies protect protein.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vmb-3 wpb_content_element\" ><div class=\"heading heading--h2 \"><h2 class=\"heading   \" >7. in an adaptation phase the body learns the ability for ketogenesis and ketolysis.<\/h2><\/div><\/div>[vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>As adaptation to fasting progresses, the concentration of ketone bodies continues to increase due to ketogenesis in the liver. This is how ketone bodies enter the bloodstream and reach organs such as the brain or muscles. These recognize the new fuel and learn to utilize the ketone bodies for energy &#8211; via a process called ketolysis. The body is in a ketogenic metabolic state and in ketosis during the adapted starvation phase. In adults, ketosis sets in after a few days of fasting, in children within a few hours.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"vmb-3 wpb_content_element\" ><div class=\"heading heading--h2 \"><h2 class=\"heading   \" >8. fasting and diet without carbohydrates have very similar effects<\/h2><\/div><\/div>[vc_column_text]So this is what happens during fasting. When giving up carbohydrates, the process in the metabolism looks almost the same. Adaptation is just a little slower because protein and fat are still available for utilization. The &#8220;ketogenic diet&#8221; is so called because it involves the production of ketone bodies. But who actually came up with the idea that this ketogenic diet has similar effects to fasting? You can read about it in the article<a href=\"https:\/\/foodpunk.com\/de\/blog\/wer-hat-die-ketogene-diaet-erfunden\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8220;Who invented the ketogenic diet?<\/a>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<p>This is the beginning of a long series on Ketogenic Diet. A little basic knowledge to get you started. But what &#8211; and for whom &#8211; is a low-carb ketogenic diet good for? Is Low Carb and even more so a Ketogenic diet at all permanently feasible? Does this have advantages? Or rather disadvantages? How is carbohydrate reduction compatible with exercise? These are all questions that will be answered in this long series on Ketogenic Diet. So the really exciting stuff is yet to come! It pays to keep at it![\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"templatera_shortcode\"><div class=\"vc_container vc_maxwidth \"><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid vpt-3 vpb-3 bg--color--bg-primary vc_boxpadding\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12 vc_col-lg-10\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"vmb-1 wpb_content_element\" ><div class=\"heading heading--p \"><p class=\"heading h3  \" >Always stay up to date with our <span class=\"deco-underline\">Newsletter<\/span>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\nvar gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>\"function\"==typeof InitializeEditor,callIfLoaded:function(o){return!(!gform.domLoaded||!gform.scriptsLoaded||!gform.themeScriptsLoaded&&!gform.isFormEditor()||(gform.isFormEditor()&&console.warn(\"The use of gform.initializeOnLoaded() is deprecated in the form editor context and will be removed in Gravity Forms 3.1.\"),o(),0))},initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.callIfLoaded(o)||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",()=>{gform.scriptsLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",()=>{gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",()=>{gform.domLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}))},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,r,e,t){gform.addHook(\"action\",o,r,e,t)},addFilter:function(o,r,e,t){gform.addHook(\"filter\",o,r,e,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook(\"action\",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook(\"filter\",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,r){gform.removeHook(\"action\",o,r)},removeFilter:function(o,r,e){gform.removeHook(\"filter\",o,r,e)},addHook:function(o,r,e,t,n){null==gform.hooks[o][r]&&(gform.hooks[o][r]=[]);var d=gform.hooks[o][r];null==n&&(n=r+\"_\"+d.length),gform.hooks[o][r].push({tag:n,callable:e,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(r,o,e){var t;if(e=Array.prototype.slice.call(e,1),null!=gform.hooks[r][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[r][o]).sort(function(o,r){return o.priority-r.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){\"function\"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),\"action\"==r?t.apply(null,e):e[0]=t.apply(null,e)})),\"filter\"==r)return e[0]},removeHook:function(o,r,t,n){var e;null!=gform.hooks[o][r]&&(e=(e=gform.hooks[o][r]).filter(function(o,r,e){return!!(null!=n&&n!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][r]=e)}});\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n\n                <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework newsletter-box_wrapper' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_3' ><div id='gf_3' class='gform_anchor' tabindex='-1'><\/div>\n                        <div class='gform_heading'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class='gform_required_legend'>&quot;<span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span>&quot; indicates required fields<\/p>\n                        <\/div><form method='post' enctype='multipart\/form-data' target='gform_ajax_frame_3' id='gform_3' class='newsletter-box' action='\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12980#gf_3' data-formid='3' novalidate>\n                        <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_3' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below'><div id=\"field_3_12\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-honeypot gform_validation_container field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_3_12'>Instagram<\/label><div class='ginput_container'><input name='input_12' id='input_3_12' type='text' value='' autocomplete='new-password'\/><\/div><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_3_12'>This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.<\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_3_5\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield--width-full field-lang visuallyhidden field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_3_5'>Sprache<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_5' id='input_3_5' type='text' value='' class='large'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_3_6\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield--width-full field-utm_source visuallyhidden field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_3_6'>utm_source<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_6' id='input_3_6' type='text' value='' class='large'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_3_11\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield--width-full field-utm_medium visuallyhidden field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_3_11'>utm_medium<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_11' id='input_3_11' type='text' value='' class='large'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_3_10\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield--width-full field-utm_content visuallyhidden field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_3_10'>utm_content<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_10' id='input_3_10' type='text' value='' class='large'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_3_9\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield--width-full field-utm_campaign visuallyhidden field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_3_9'>utm_campaign<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_9' id='input_3_9' type='text' value='' class='large'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_3_4\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--input-type-email gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below hidden_label field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_3_4'>Email<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_4' id='input_3_4' type='email' value='' class='large'   placeholder='Email' aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\"  \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><fieldset id=\"field_3_7\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-consent gfield--type-choice gfield--input-type-consent gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below hidden_label field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><legend class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex' >Einwilligung<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/legend><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_consent'><input name='input_7.1' id='input_3_7_1' type='checkbox' value='1'   aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/> <label class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline gfield_consent_label\" for='input_3_7_1' >Ich bin mindestens 18 Jahre alt und willige ein, dass Foodpunk meine angegebenen Daten zur Kontaktaufnahme und zum Versand des Newsletters sowie von Informationen zu Angeboten und Veranstaltungen per E-Mail verarbeitet. Meine Einwilligung kann ich jederzeit mit Wirkung f\u00fcr die Zukunft \u00fcber den Abmelde-Link in jeder E-Mail oder per E-Mail an info@foodpunk.com widerrufen. Weitere Informationen finde ich in der Datenschutzerkl\u00e4rung.<span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/label><input type='hidden' name='input_7.2' value='Ich bin mindestens 18 Jahre alt und willige ein, dass Foodpunk meine angegebenen Daten zur Kontaktaufnahme und zum Versand des Newsletters sowie von Informationen zu Angeboten und Veranstaltungen per E-Mail verarbeitet. Meine Einwilligung kann ich jederzeit mit Wirkung f\u00fcr die Zukunft \u00fcber den Abmelde-Link in jeder E-Mail oder per E-Mail an info@foodpunk.com widerrufen. Weitere Informationen finde ich in der Datenschutzerkl\u00e4rung.' class='gform_hidden' \/><input type='hidden' name='input_7.3' value='25' class='gform_hidden' \/><\/div><\/fieldset><\/div><\/div>\n        <div class='gform-footer gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_3' class='gform_button button' onclick='gform.submission.handleButtonClick(this);' data-submission-type='submit' value='Subscribe to newsletter'  \/> <input type='hidden' name='gform_ajax' value='form_id=3&amp;title=&amp;description=&amp;tabindex=0&amp;theme=gravity-theme&amp;styles=[]&amp;hash=6ed8d8c241cb27bd1a554b4eab0ad739' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submission_method' data-js='gform_submission_method_3' value='iframe' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_theme' data-js='gform_theme_3' id='gform_theme_3' value='gravity-theme' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_style_settings' data-js='gform_style_settings_3' id='gform_style_settings_3' value='[]' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_3' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='3' \/>\n            \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_currency' data-currency='EUR' value='2hRDyeotqcy3w6Fvx+UyCpYqSUZAW+iNQU85OroqJQhRisrdjtolxMGEAbU0ijRt+LzjNxnPiKPs0RFe6f\/KKPBMzZQovAeukXecgX1xq9jcYAI=' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_3' value='WyJ7XCI3LjFcIjpcIjdlOGYyMGRhYjk5OWUxNzg2MmYyZjIzODFmMzFkMWI2XCIsXCI3LjJcIjpcIjRkY2FmYTU3NWU1NWZjNjA0NDgyMGFkOWU3YTQ4NzdjXCIsXCI3LjNcIjpcImEwOThkZGZmZTJjMDNkNGM1ZDhjZGU1MzYwZWI1OWQ2XCJ9IiwiYmE2OTAyNTg5YzA1NTZiYmUwMDExY2U5MWNjYTFlNDYiXQ==' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_3' id='gform_target_page_number_3' value='0' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_3' id='gform_source_page_number_3' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n                        <\/form>\n                        <\/div>\n\t\t                <iframe style='display:none;width:0px;height:0px;' src='about:blank' name='gform_ajax_frame_3' id='gform_ajax_frame_3' title='This iframe contains the logic required to handle Ajax powered Gravity Forms.'><\/iframe>\n\t\t                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\n gform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 3, 'https:\/\/foodpunk.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_3').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_3');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_3').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_3').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_3').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_3').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { \/* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome *\/ jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gform_wrapper_3').offset().top - mt); }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_3').val();gformInitSpinner( 3, 'https:\/\/foodpunk.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [3, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_3'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}jQuery('#gform_wrapper_3').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).scrollTop(jQuery('#gf_3').offset().top - mt);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [3]);window['gf_submitting_3'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_3').text());}else{jQuery('#gform_3').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger(\"gform_pre_post_render\", [{ formId: \"3\", currentPage: \"current_page\", abort: function() { this.preventDefault(); } }]);        if (event && event.defaultPrevented) {                return;        }        const gformWrapperDiv = document.getElementById( \"gform_wrapper_3\" );        if ( gformWrapperDiv ) {            const visibilitySpan = document.createElement( \"span\" );            visibilitySpan.id = \"gform_visibility_test_3\";            gformWrapperDiv.insertAdjacentElement( \"afterend\", visibilitySpan );        }        const visibilityTestDiv = document.getElementById( \"gform_visibility_test_3\" );        let postRenderFired = false;        function triggerPostRender() {            if ( postRenderFired ) {                return;            }            postRenderFired = true;            gform.core.triggerPostRenderEvents( 3, current_page );            if ( visibilityTestDiv ) {                visibilityTestDiv.parentNode.removeChild( visibilityTestDiv );            }        }        function debounce( func, wait, immediate ) {            var timeout;            return function() {                var context = this, args = arguments;                var later = function() {                    timeout = null;                    if ( !immediate ) func.apply( context, args );                };                var callNow = immediate && !timeout;                clearTimeout( timeout );                timeout = setTimeout( later, wait );                if ( callNow ) func.apply( context, args );            };        }        const debouncedTriggerPostRender = debounce( function() {            triggerPostRender();        }, 200 );        if ( visibilityTestDiv && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent === null ) {            const observer = new MutationObserver( ( mutations ) => {                mutations.forEach( ( mutation ) => {                    if ( mutation.type === 'attributes' && visibilityTestDiv.offsetParent !== null ) {                        debouncedTriggerPostRender();                        observer.disconnect();                    }                });            });            observer.observe( document.body, {                attributes: true,                childList: false,                subtree: true,                attributeFilter: [ 'style', 'class' ],            });        } else {            triggerPostRender();        }    } );} ); \n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[vc_column_text elem_margin_top=&#8221;vmt-3&#8243;]<strong>Sources:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bonnefont JP, Specola NB, Vassault A, Lombes A, Ogier H, de Klerk, J B, Munnich A, Coude M, Paturneau-Jouas M, Saudubray JM. 1990.  <a href=\"http:\/\/http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/?term=The+FastingTest+in+Paediatrics+Application+to+the+Diagnosis+of+Pathological+Hypo-+and+Hyperketotic+States\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">The FastingTest in Paediatrics Application to the Diagnosis of Pathological Hypo- and Hyperketotic States.  <\/a>Eur J Pediatr, 150(2): 80-85.<\/p>\n<p>Cahill GF. 1976.  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/4915800\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Starvation in Man.<\/a>  Clin Endocrinol Metab, 5(2): 397-415.<\/p>\n<p>Cahill GF. 2006.  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16848698\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Fuel Metabolism in Starvation.<\/a>  Annu Rev Nutr, 26: 1-22.<\/p>\n<p>Cahill GF, Herrera MG, Morgan AP, Soeldner JS, Steinke J, Levy PL, Reichard GA, Kipnis DM. 1966.  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/5926444\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Hormone-Fuel Interrelationships During Fasting.<\/a>  J Clin Invest, 45(11): 1751-1769.<\/p>\n<p>Frayn KN. 2010.  <a href=\"http:\/\/eu.wiley.com\/WileyCDA\/WileyTitle\/productCd-EHEP002665.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Metabolic Regulation.<\/a>  Third ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 240-246.<\/p>\n<p>Owen OE, Morgan AP, Kemp HG, Sullivan JM, Herrera MG, Cahill GF. 1967.  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/6061736\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Brain Metabolism during Fasting.<\/a>  J Clin Invest, 46(10): 1589-1595.<\/p>\n<p>Owen OE, Felig P, Morgan AP, Wahren J, Cahill GF. 1969.  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/5773093\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Liver and Kidney Metabolism during Prolonged Starvation.  <\/a>J Clin Invest, 48(3): 574-583.<\/p>\n<p>Stipanuk MH, Caudill MA. 2013.  <a href=\"https:\/\/evolve.elsevier.com\/cs\/product\/9781455746293\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Biochemical Physiological and Molecular Aspects of Human Nutrition.<\/a>  Third ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 379-381.<\/p>\n<p>Image: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/gallery-1342189p1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Yevhen Vitte\/shutterstock<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/shutterstock.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">.com<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When the metabolism does not receive carbohydrates, it behaves similarly to fasting. What happens during this &#8220;food abstinence&#8221; as the nutritionist calls it, you will learn in this article.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7593,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[573,583,585,571],"tags":[627,633,636,634,635,628,631,632,637],"class_list":["post-12980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-all-about-nutrition","category-ketogenic-diet","category-low-carb-diet","category-weight-loss","tag-biochemistry","tag-fasting","tag-food-abstinence","tag-glucagon","tag-insulin-en","tag-ketogenic-diet","tag-ketosis","tag-metabolism","tag-physiology"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/foodpunk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12980","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/foodpunk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/foodpunk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foodpunk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foodpunk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12980"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/foodpunk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12980\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12985,"href":"https:\/\/foodpunk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12980\/revisions\/12985"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foodpunk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7593"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/foodpunk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12980"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foodpunk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12980"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/foodpunk.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12980"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}